![]() The nature of the magma and the plate margins determine the explosivity. Like the Moment Magnitude Scale, the Volcanic Explosivity Index is logarithmic. It is based on the volume of pyroclastic material, column height, and eruption duration. We measure the magnitude of volcanic eruptions using the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). You can see the different levels of the Mercalli scale below. It focuses on specific locations and can be subjective. We measure the visible damage that earthquakes cause using the Mercalli scale. We record the moment magnitude with a seismograph. The Moment Magnitude Scale is logarithmic, meaning that from one integer to the next, the amplitude of the ground motion is ten times greater, and the amount of energy released is 30 times greater. We calculate it in terms of the distance the ground has moved along the slip and the force required to do so. Earthquake magnitudeĮarthquake magnitude is measured based on the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS), which quantifies the total seismic moment released by an earthquake. The measurements used to compare the intensity of tectonic hazards are the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS), Mercalli and the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). ![]() By comparing the different potential hazards in a location, we can prioritise which to focus on and develop an appropriate mitigation plan. Comparing natural hazardsĬomparing hazards involves using appropriate scales for the hazard in question to quantify its magnitude and impact and understand it compared to others. For instance, flooding can induce landslides, which can then cause further damage. Natural hazards can also cause secondary hazards. Possible consequences include loss of life, injuries, damage to infrastructure, businesses and ecosystems. Hazards can have social, economic, and environmental impacts on the affected country or community. An obvious example is the current Covid-19 pandemic. Many arise from new pathogens transmitted from animals to humans. Biological hazardsīacteria, viruses, parasites, moulds, or fungi that can affect human health through disease are biological hazards. Climate change exacerbates them as global surface temperatures rise. Long periods of heat or cold cause climatological hazards. Climate change has exacerbated meteorological hazards. Meteorological hazardsĮxtreme weather conditions, such as rain, wind, hail and snow, cause meteorological hazards. Deforestation and the breaching of dams and channels with steep banks exacerbate these hazards. Hydrological hazards result from heavy rainfall, melting of ice and snow, and storm surges. Tectonic processes cause geophysical hazards. The causes of natural hazards depend on the type of natural hazard. Biological hazards (e.g., pandemics and epidemics).Climatological hazards (e.g., droughts and wildfires).Meteorological hazards (e.g., cyclones and storms).Geophysical hazards (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis).The different types of natural hazards include: What are the different types of natural hazards? A threshold may be a certain number of deaths or a certain number of economic losses. It includes adverse effects of a human, material or environmental nature, such as loss of life, injury and damage to infrastructure. when it has caused significant damage to society or a community and the community can no longer cope with its resources. ![]() A natural hazard is considered a natural disaster when it has exceeded a certain threshold, i.e. Natural hazards can subsequently lead to natural disasters. The term natural hazard should not be confused with a natural disaster. What is the difference between natural hazards and natural disasters? They can occur within a short or long period of time. Natural hazards are physical phenomena caused by atmospheric, water or tectonic processes that threaten people, property or the environment.
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